MCQ 1. Which of the following international agreements is directly linked with the functions of NBA?
A) Ramsar Convention
B) Nagoya Protocol
C) CITES
D) Montreal Protocol
Explanation:
• NBA implements Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provisions in line with the Nagoya Protocol of CBD.
• Ensures fair compensation to indigenous communities for use of biological resources.
• NBA implements Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provisions in line with the Nagoya Protocol of CBD.
• Ensures fair compensation to indigenous communities for use of biological resources.
MCQ 2. Which of the following statements are correct regarding NBA?
1. It ensures equitable benefit sharing from biological resources.
2. It regulates commercial use of Indian biological resources by foreign entities.
3. It directly manages forests and wildlife sanctuaries in India.
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
• NBA ensures benefit sharing and regulates foreign and domestic access to bio-resources.
• It does not manage forests/wildlife sanctuaries — that is the role of Forest and Wildlife Departments.
• NBA ensures benefit sharing and regulates foreign and domestic access to bio-resources.
• It does not manage forests/wildlife sanctuaries — that is the role of Forest and Wildlife Departments.
MCQ 3. The VELC instrument onboard Aditya-L1 is primarily used to study which part of the Sun?
A) Photosphere
B) Chromosphere
C) Corona
D) Solar core
Explanation:
VELC is a coronagraph that observes the outermost layer of the Sun (corona), enabling the study of CMEs and solar winds.
VELC is a coronagraph that observes the outermost layer of the Sun (corona), enabling the study of CMEs and solar winds.
MCQ 4. What is the significance of Aditya-L1’s L1 orbit?
A) It allows the satellite to orbit around the Sun.
B) It provides continuous, uninterrupted solar observation.
C) It helps in observing the solar poles.
D) It brings the spacecraft closest to the Sun.
Explanation:
The Lagrange Point 1 (L1) provides a stable vantage point 1.5 million km from Earth, with an unobstructed view of the Sun.
The Lagrange Point 1 (L1) provides a stable vantage point 1.5 million km from Earth, with an unobstructed view of the Sun.
MCQ 5. Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can impact Earth in which of the following ways?
1. Power grid disturbances
2. Satellite malfunction
3. Auroras
4. Increased rainfall
A) 1, 2 and 3 only
B) 1 and 4 only
C) 2, 3 and 4 only
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
CMEs can affect satellites and power systems and produce auroras. They do not directly cause increased rainfall.
CMEs can affect satellites and power systems and produce auroras. They do not directly cause increased rainfall.
MCQ 6. VELC provides spectroscopic measurements of CMEs. Which physical parameter can be measured using the Doppler shift of emission lines?
A) Plasma velocity
B) Plasma temperature
C) Solar radius
D) Solar luminosity
Explanation:
Doppler shifts of emission lines in visible light allow direct measurement of the velocity of solar plasma in CMEs.
Doppler shifts of emission lines in visible light allow direct measurement of the velocity of solar plasma in CMEs.
MCQ 7. The Fe XIV emission line (green line, 530.3 nm) observed by VELC is important because:
A) It represents photospheric absorption lines.
B) It indicates the presence of highly ionized iron in corona.
C) It is used to measure solar core temperature.
D) It detects solar neutrinos.
Explanation:
The green emission line at 530.3 nm is produced by Fe XIV ions, typical of the hot corona (~1–2 million K).
The green emission line at 530.3 nm is produced by Fe XIV ions, typical of the hot corona (~1–2 million K).
MCQ 8. Lake Turkana is located in which country?
A) Ethiopia
B) Kenya
C) Sudan
D) Uganda
Explanation:
The lake is primarily in northern Kenya; the Omo River from Ethiopia feeds it.
The lake is primarily in northern Kenya; the Omo River from Ethiopia feeds it.
MCQ 9. Lake Turkana is classified as an:
A) Rift Valley lake
B) Endorheic lake
C) Glacial lake
D) Oxbow lake
Explanation:
Lake Turkana has no outflow; water is lost via evaporation → endorheic
Lake Turkana has no outflow; water is lost via evaporation → endorheic
MCQ 10. The Omo River is significant to Lake Turkana because:
A) It forms the only outflow
B) It provides ~90% of water inflow
C) It makes the lake freshwater
D) It forms the lake’s delta in Sudan
Explanation:
Omo River from Ethiopia is the main inflow; seasonal and dam-dependent.
Omo River from Ethiopia is the main inflow; seasonal and dam-dependent.