MCQ 1. Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?
A) DNA contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA contains ribose
B) DNA is single-stranded; RNA is always double-stranded
C) DNA has uracil; RNA has thymine
D) DNA is unstable; RNA is stable
Explanation:
• DNA: deoxyribose, A-T-G-C, double-stranded
• RNA: ribose, A-U-G-C, single-stranded (usually)
• DNA: deoxyribose, A-T-G-C, double-stranded
• RNA: ribose, A-U-G-C, single-stranded (usually)
MCQ 2. Which of the following is an example of RNA-based biotechnology application?
A) CRISPR-Cas9 DNA editing
B) mRNA vaccines
C) Gene cloning in bacteria
D) Recombinant insulin from DNA plasmids
Explanation:
• mRNA vaccines (COVID-19) deliver RNA encoding viral proteins into cells to stimulate immune response.
• Recombinant insulin involves DNA plasmids, not RNA directly.
• mRNA vaccines (COVID-19) deliver RNA encoding viral proteins into cells to stimulate immune response.
• Recombinant insulin involves DNA plasmids, not RNA directly.
MCQ 3. Green Hydrogen is produced by:
A) Steam reforming of coal
B) Electrolysis of water using renewable energy
C) Partial oxidation of natural gas
D) Biomass gasification
Explanation:
• Green Hydrogen is produced by splitting water into H₂ and O₂ using electricity from renewable sources (solar, wind, hydro).
• Grey H₂: From fossil fuels, emits CO₂; Blue H₂: fossil fuels + carbon capture.
• Green Hydrogen is produced by splitting water into H₂ and O₂ using electricity from renewable sources (solar, wind, hydro).
• Grey H₂: From fossil fuels, emits CO₂; Blue H₂: fossil fuels + carbon capture.
MCQ 4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Green Hydrogen?
A) Zero carbon emissions at point of use
B) Can be stored and transported like natural gas
C) Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
D) Increases greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation:
• Green Hydrogen is clean, sustainable, and reduces carbon footprint.
• It can be stored in compressed, liquefied, or ammonia form.
• Green Hydrogen is clean, sustainable, and reduces carbon footprint.
• It can be stored in compressed, liquefied, or ammonia form.
MCQ 5. Which sector in India is being targeted for early adoption of Green Hydrogen?
A) Cement and steel industry
B) Coal mining
C) Textile manufacturing
D) Fishing industry
Explanation:
• Hard-to-abate industries like steel, cement, fertilisers are prime candidates for green hydrogen adoption.
• India’s National Hydrogen Mission (2021) promotes adoption in these sectors.
• Hard-to-abate industries like steel, cement, fertilisers are prime candidates for green hydrogen adoption.
• India’s National Hydrogen Mission (2021) promotes adoption in these sectors.
MCQ 6. The term “Green Hydrogen” refers to hydrogen produced with:
A) Fossil fuels and carbon capture
B) Renewable energy sources only
C) Nuclear energy
D) Biomass only
Explanation:
• Green Hydrogen is fully renewable-powered.
• Blue Hydrogen uses fossil fuels + carbon capture, Grey Hydrogen is fossil fuel-based without capture.
• Green Hydrogen is fully renewable-powered.
• Blue Hydrogen uses fossil fuels + carbon capture, Grey Hydrogen is fossil fuel-based without capture.
MCQ 7. Which of the following statements about India’s National Hydrogen Mission is correct?
A) Launched in 2015 to promote fossil fuel hydrogen
B) Aims to develop Green Hydrogen hubs and domestic production
C) Only focuses on Hydrogen exports
D) Excludes industrial use of hydrogen
Explanation:
• National Hydrogen Mission (2021) focuses on:
– Scaling domestic green hydrogen production
– Creating Green Hydrogen hubs in India
– Decarbonizing industrial sectors and promoting export potential
• National Hydrogen Mission (2021) focuses on:
– Scaling domestic green hydrogen production
– Creating Green Hydrogen hubs in India
– Decarbonizing industrial sectors and promoting export potential
MCQ 8. The primary objective of the Dumpsite Remediation Accelerator Programme (DRAP) is to:
A) Promote private landfills for municipal waste
B) Develop new landfills without environmental assessment
C) Accelerate remediation of existing dumpsites using sustainable technologies
D) Ban all waste processing in urban areas
Explanation:
• DRAP is launched to rehabilitate and remediate legacy dumpsites in India.
• It focuses on bio-capping, biomining, and safe waste-to-energy conversion.
• Reduces environmental pollution, groundwater contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions.
• DRAP is launched to rehabilitate and remediate legacy dumpsites in India.
• It focuses on bio-capping, biomining, and safe waste-to-energy conversion.
• Reduces environmental pollution, groundwater contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions.
MCQ 9. Which of the following technologies is promoted under DRAP for dumpsite remediation?
A) Biocapping and biomining
B) Open burning of waste
C) Ocean dumping
D) Incineration without emission control
Explanation:
• Biocapping: Covering the waste with a layer of soil and microbes to reduce leachate and odor.
• Biomining: Extracting useful materials (metals, recyclables) from existing waste.
• Both are eco-friendly and sustainable methods.
• Biocapping: Covering the waste with a layer of soil and microbes to reduce leachate and odor.
• Biomining: Extracting useful materials (metals, recyclables) from existing waste.
• Both are eco-friendly and sustainable methods.
MCQ 10. Which Ministry/Department in India is responsible for implementing DRAP?
A) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
B) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
C) Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA)
D) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare
Explanation:
• DRAP is part of urban waste management initiatives under Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban.
• MoHUA oversees municipal solid waste management and remediation of dumpsites.
• DRAP is part of urban waste management initiatives under Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban.
• MoHUA oversees municipal solid waste management and remediation of dumpsites.