MCQ 1. Which of the following is NOT a partner institution for Nayi Chetna 4.0?
A) District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)
B) One Stop Centres (OSCs)
C) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
D)Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
Explanation:
• MoCI has no role; all others are key convergence partners.
• MoCI has no role; all others are key convergence partners.
MCQ 2. In Nayi Chetna 4.0, the term “Gender Dialogues” refers to:
A) Online workshops between SHG women and banks
B) Structured community interactions on norms, roles, and GBV
C) District-level grievance committees for MSMEs
D) Behavioural profiling of households using AI
MCQ 3. Which of the following can be considered direct outcomes expected from Nayi Chetna 4.0?
1. GBV-Free Gram Panchayats
2. Increased reporting of gender-violence cases
3. Improved household-level nutritional indicators
4. Legal awareness among SHG members
Select the correct answer:
A) 1, 2 and 4 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
• Nutrition (3) is not part of Nayi Chetna; that is under POSHAN Abhiyaan.
• Nutrition (3) is not part of Nayi Chetna; that is under POSHAN Abhiyaan.
MCQ 4. Nayi Chetna 4.0 adopts a “MenEngage Approach”. This implies:
A) Special microfinance loans for men in SHGs
B) Sensitising men and boys to support gender equality and prevent GBV
C) Mandatory male representation in SHG governing bodies
D) Skill training exclusively for adolescent boys
Explanation:
• Statements 1 & 2: Correct.
• Statement 3: Incorrect — Sikhism promotes householder life with spiritual discipline, not abandonment of duties.
• Statements 1 & 2: Correct.
• Statement 3: Incorrect — Sikhism promotes householder life with spiritual discipline, not abandonment of duties.
MCQ 5. Which among the following community cadres are directly linked to Nayi Chetna 4.0?
1. Kranti Sakhis
2. Bank Sakhis
3. Gender Preraks
4. Pashu Sakhis
Select the correct answer:
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 only
C) 1, 2 and 3
D) 1 only
Explanation:
• Bank Sakhis and Pashu Sakhis belong to NRLM livelihood verticals, not gender vertical.
• Bank Sakhis and Pashu Sakhis belong to NRLM livelihood verticals, not gender vertical.
MCQ 6. The Nayi Chetna Campaign is unique because:
A) It focuses exclusively on economic empowerment through SHG federationss
B) It is India’s first community-led campaign to build GBV-free villages through SHG networks
C) It provides legal aid funds directly to SHG members
D) It is implemented by UNICEF in partnership with MoRDI
MCQ 7. With reference to recently discovered bush frogs, consider the following statements:
1. All species belong to genus Raorchestes and show direct development.
2. Discoveries were made exclusively from the Brahmaputra plains.
3. Bush frogs of the Western Ghats are canopy-level species.
Which of the above are correctly matched?
A) 1 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
• Why 1 is correct: The report concerns 13 newly described species all placed in the genus Raorchestes. Members of Raorchestes exhibit direct development — eggs hatch into froglets (no free-swimming tadpole stage). This is a consistent, diagnostic life-history trait for the genus.
• Why 2 is wrong: The discoveries are from the Western Ghats, not the Brahmaputra plains (which are in Northeast India). Mixing geography is a classic trap.
• Why 3 is wrong: Raorchestes are typically shrub/bush/understory frogs — found on low vegetation, leaf litter, and shrubs — not restricted to the canopy.
• UPS C tip: If a question links Raorchestes to “direct development,” treat it as a strong signal — many exam items test that trait.
• Why 1 is correct: The report concerns 13 newly described species all placed in the genus Raorchestes. Members of Raorchestes exhibit direct development — eggs hatch into froglets (no free-swimming tadpole stage). This is a consistent, diagnostic life-history trait for the genus.
• Why 2 is wrong: The discoveries are from the Western Ghats, not the Brahmaputra plains (which are in Northeast India). Mixing geography is a classic trap.
• Why 3 is wrong: Raorchestes are typically shrub/bush/understory frogs — found on low vegetation, leaf litter, and shrubs — not restricted to the canopy.
• UPS C tip: If a question links Raorchestes to “direct development,” treat it as a strong signal — many exam items test that trait.
MCQ 8. The genus Raorchestes, recently in news, is best described as:
A) A group of burrowing frogs from the Indo-Gangetic plainss
B) Arboreal frogs with direct development found mainly in the Western Ghats
C) Toxic frogs of the Western Himalayas
D) Marine amphibians of the Indian coastlines
Explanation:
• Correctness of B: Raorchestes are rhacophorid frogs (tree/shrub frogs), largely associated with the Western Ghats. They are arboreal/bush-dwelling and show direct development. This makes option B the precise summary.
• Why others are wrong: o A (burrowing, Indo-Gangetic) → wrong family/habitat. o C (toxic, Himalayas) → different taxa (e.g., some dendrobatid toxins are Neotropical, not Indian). o D (marine amphibians) → amphibians are freshwater/terrestrial; no marine amphibians.
• Fact for Mains: Direct development is an evolutionary adaptation that reduces dependence on standing water for larval stages — relevant under climate-change and habitat-fragmentation discussions.
• Correctness of B: Raorchestes are rhacophorid frogs (tree/shrub frogs), largely associated with the Western Ghats. They are arboreal/bush-dwelling and show direct development. This makes option B the precise summary.
• Why others are wrong: o A (burrowing, Indo-Gangetic) → wrong family/habitat. o C (toxic, Himalayas) → different taxa (e.g., some dendrobatid toxins are Neotropical, not Indian). o D (marine amphibians) → amphibians are freshwater/terrestrial; no marine amphibians.
• Fact for Mains: Direct development is an evolutionary adaptation that reduces dependence on standing water for larval stages — relevant under climate-change and habitat-fragmentation discussions.
MCQ 9. Consider the following pairs:
1. Raorchestes lechiya — Agasthyamalai
2. Raorchestes resplendens — Anaimalai
3. Newly discovered bush frogs (2024–25) — Western Ghats
Select the correct answer:
A) 1 and only
B) and 3 only
C) 1 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation:
• Pair 1: R. lechiya is known from Agasthyamalai (part of southern Western Ghats) — correct.
• Pair 2: R. resplendens is associated with Eravikulam / Munnar / Anamudi region (high-elevation Western Ghats), not Anaimalai — so pair 2 is incorrect.
• Pair 3: The set of newly described species are from the Western Ghats — correct.
• Exam strategy: Know a few iconic species–place pairs (e.g., R. resplendens — Anamudi/Eravikulam) to eliminate distractors.
• Pair 1: R. lechiya is known from Agasthyamalai (part of southern Western Ghats) — correct.
• Pair 2: R. resplendens is associated with Eravikulam / Munnar / Anamudi region (high-elevation Western Ghats), not Anaimalai — so pair 2 is incorrect.
• Pair 3: The set of newly described species are from the Western Ghats — correct.
• Exam strategy: Know a few iconic species–place pairs (e.g., R. resplendens — Anamudi/Eravikulam) to eliminate distractors.
MCQ 10. What makes the newly discovered bush frog species crucial for conservation biology?
1. They are indicator species sensitive to environmental changes.
2. They display extreme genetic plasticity, making them resistant to habitat degradation.
3. Many species occupy micro-endemic habitats that are rapidly shrinking.
Select the correct answer:
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
• Statement 1 (true): Amphibians, including bush frogs, are classic bioindicators — sensitive to temperature, moisture, pollutants and pathogens (e.g., chytrid fungus). Their population trends reflect ecosystem health.
• Statement 2 (false): The newly found Raorchestes species are typically vulnerable because of narrow niches and limited dispersal; they are not especially resistant due to genetic plasticity. This is a false reassurance.
• Statement 1 (true): Amphibians, including bush frogs, are classic bioindicators — sensitive to temperature, moisture, pollutants and pathogens (e.g., chytrid fungus). Their population trends reflect ecosystem health.
• Statement 2 (false): The newly found Raorchestes species are typically vulnerable because of narrow niches and limited dispersal; they are not especially resistant due to genetic plasticity. This is a false reassurance.