MCQ 1. Consider the following agencies:
1. NDMA
2. NRSC
3. Geological Survey of India
4. IMD
Which of the above contribute data to NDEM?
A) 1, 2 and 3 only
B) 2, 3 and 4 only
C) 1, 2, 3 and 4
D) 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
NDEM is a multi-agency integrated database that collects geospatial and hazard information from all major disaster-related institutions.
1. NDMA – YES: Policy data, guidelines, vulnerability info; parent body under which NDEM functions.
2. NRSC (ISRO) – YES: Developer of NDEM; provides satellite imagery, GIS layers, Bhuvan data, etc.
3. GSI – YES: Landslide hazard zonation, seismic microzonation, geological risk layers.
4. IMD – YES: Real-time cyclones, rainfall, heatwave, thunderstorm warnings.
Hence, all four contribute to NDEM → Option C.
NDEM is a multi-agency integrated database that collects geospatial and hazard information from all major disaster-related institutions.
1. NDMA – YES: Policy data, guidelines, vulnerability info; parent body under which NDEM functions.
2. NRSC (ISRO) – YES: Developer of NDEM; provides satellite imagery, GIS layers, Bhuvan data, etc.
3. GSI – YES: Landslide hazard zonation, seismic microzonation, geological risk layers.
4. IMD – YES: Real-time cyclones, rainfall, heatwave, thunderstorm warnings.
Hence, all four contribute to NDEM → Option C.
MCQ 2. NDEM primarily uses which geospatial platform?
A) INSAT Digital Portal
B) Bhuvan Platform
C) NavIC Web Receiver
D) Meghdoot Cloud System
Explanation:
NDEM is built upon ISRO’s Bhuvan geoportal, which provides GIS layers, satellite imagery, terrain data and hazard maps.
• INSAT Digital Portal – meteorology, not a national GIS disaster database.
• NavIC Web Receiver – navigation-focused, not hazard mapping.
• Meghdoot – agri advisory, not disaster GIS.
Thus, Bhuvan is the technological backbone of NDEM → Option B.
NDEM is built upon ISRO’s Bhuvan geoportal, which provides GIS layers, satellite imagery, terrain data and hazard maps.
• INSAT Digital Portal – meteorology, not a national GIS disaster database.
• NavIC Web Receiver – navigation-focused, not hazard mapping.
• Meghdoot – agri advisory, not disaster GIS.
Thus, Bhuvan is the technological backbone of NDEM → Option B.
MCQ 3. NDEM supports which phases of the Disaster Management Cycle?
A) Response only
B) Preparedness and mitigation only
C) Response and rehabilitation only
D) All phases
Explanation:
Under the DM Act, 2005, disaster management has six phases: Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Relief, Recovery and Reconstruction.
• Preparedness: Hazard maps, risk modelling.
• Mitigation: Vulnerability assessment, zonation maps.
• Response: Real-time satellite data, IMD/CWC alerts.
• Relief: Mapping shelters, roads, hospitals.
• Recovery: Damage assessment.
• Reconstruction: Asset mapping for rebuilding.
Hence, NDEM supports the entire disaster cycle → Option D.
Under the DM Act, 2005, disaster management has six phases: Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Relief, Recovery and Reconstruction.
• Preparedness: Hazard maps, risk modelling.
• Mitigation: Vulnerability assessment, zonation maps.
• Response: Real-time satellite data, IMD/CWC alerts.
• Relief: Mapping shelters, roads, hospitals.
• Recovery: Damage assessment.
• Reconstruction: Asset mapping for rebuilding.
Hence, NDEM supports the entire disaster cycle → Option D.
MCQ 4. Flood monitoring in NDEM uses which satellite?
A) Cartosat-2
B) RISAT
C) Scatsat
D) Astrosat
Explanation:
RISAT (Radar Imaging Satellite) uses Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which can penetrate clouds, rain and darkness, giving reliable flood inundation maps during cloudy conditions.
• Cartosat-2 – optical; fails under heavy cloud cover.
• Scatsat – ocean wind monitoring for cyclones, not flood mapping.
• Astrosat – astronomy satellite, no direct disaster-mapping role.
Hence, RISAT is used for flood monitoring → Option B.
RISAT (Radar Imaging Satellite) uses Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which can penetrate clouds, rain and darkness, giving reliable flood inundation maps during cloudy conditions.
• Cartosat-2 – optical; fails under heavy cloud cover.
• Scatsat – ocean wind monitoring for cyclones, not flood mapping.
• Astrosat – astronomy satellite, no direct disaster-mapping role.
Hence, RISAT is used for flood monitoring → Option B.
MCQ 5. “Real-time hazard mapping and geospatial risk management using a national GIS platform” refers to:
A) IMD Nowcast Service
B) NDRF Command System
C) National Database for Emergency Management
D) National Data Sharing and Access Platform
Explanation:
The description fits NDEM, which provides real-time hazard mapping and geospatial risk assessment on a national GIS platform by integrating satellite imagery, hazard layers, risk models and decision-support tools.
• IMD Nowcast – 3-hour weather warnings, not a full GIS system.
• NDRF Command – operational response, not a geospatial database.
• NDSAP – open data portal, not disaster-specific GIS.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
The description fits NDEM, which provides real-time hazard mapping and geospatial risk assessment on a national GIS platform by integrating satellite imagery, hazard layers, risk models and decision-support tools.
• IMD Nowcast – 3-hour weather warnings, not a full GIS system.
• NDRF Command – operational response, not a geospatial database.
• NDSAP – open data portal, not disaster-specific GIS.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
MCQ 6. At COP30 in Belém, the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) announced the launch of the ARISE programme. What does ARISE stand for?
A) Accelerated Resilience Investments for Sustainable Economies
B) Adaptation Resilience and Infrastructure for Societal Equity
C) Accelerating Resilience Investments and Innovations for Sustainable Economies
D) Action for Resilient Investments and Sustainable Economies
Explanation:
The programme is Accelerating Resilience Investments and Innovations for Sustainable Economies — capturing both investment and innovation in building resilience.
The programme is Accelerating Resilience Investments and Innovations for Sustainable Economies — capturing both investment and innovation in building resilience.
MCQ 7. Which countries pledged the initial USD 100 million funding for the ARISE programme at COP30?
A) United States and United Kingdom
B) Germany and Spain
C) France and Brazil
D) Japan and Canada
Explanation:
Germany pledged USD 63.25 million and Spain USD 36.8 million, totalling about USD 100 million.
Germany pledged USD 63.25 million and Spain USD 36.8 million, totalling about USD 100 million.
MCQ 8. The ARISE programme under CIF will primarily be implemented via:
A) Only non-governmental organizations
B) Six Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)
C) Private companies alone
D) Bilateral aid from EU countries
Explanation:
ARISE uses CIF’s existing structure: six MDBs (such as ADB, AfDB), which channel concessional finance + co-financing.
ARISE uses CIF’s existing structure: six MDBs (such as ADB, AfDB), which channel concessional finance + co-financing.
MCQ 9. What is the main rationale behind launching ARISE under CIF?
1. To exclusively fund mitigation (renewable energy) projects
2. To help developing countries convert climate risk into economic opportunity
3. To prioritize adaptation in vulnerable economies like LDCs and SIDS
4. To support only high-income countries in building resilience
Which of the above are correct?
A) 2 and 3 only
B) 1 and 4 only
C) 2, 3 and 4 only
D) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
• (2) is correct: ARISE aims to “turn climaterisk into opportunity.”
• (3) is correct: LDCs and SIDS are prioritized.
• (1) is wrong: ARISE is adaptation/resilience, not focused solely on mitigation.
• (4) is wrong: It’s not meant for only high-income countries.
• (2) is correct: ARISE aims to “turn climaterisk into opportunity.”
• (3) is correct: LDCs and SIDS are prioritized.
• (1) is wrong: ARISE is adaptation/resilience, not focused solely on mitigation.
• (4) is wrong: It’s not meant for only high-income countries.
MCQ 10. Which of the following is a key risk or challenge for the ARISE programme’s success?
A) Over-mobilization of private finance
B) Lack of concessional funding
C) Weak institutional capacity in recipient countries
D) Too much institutional redundancy
Explanation:
One of the major challenges is institutional capacity in vulnerable countries to absorb, plan, and deploy resilience finance effectively. Without strong national institutions, even concessional funds may not translate into meaningful adaptation. This is typically cited as a barrier for adaptation finance.
One of the major challenges is institutional capacity in vulnerable countries to absorb, plan, and deploy resilience finance effectively. Without strong national institutions, even concessional funds may not translate into meaningful adaptation. This is typically cited as a barrier for adaptation finance.