MCQ 1. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Lake Turkana?
1. It is the world’s largest desert lake.
2. Its water levels are stable year-round.
3. It is an important archaeological site for early human fossils.
A) 1 and 3 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
• Largest desert lake → correct.
• Water levels fluctuate with inflow → statement 2 is wrong.
• Archaeological fossils present → correct.
• Largest desert lake → correct.
• Water levels fluctuate with inflow → statement 2 is wrong.
• Archaeological fossils present → correct.
MCQ 2. The construction of Gibe III Dam in Ethiopia affects Lake Turkana primarily through:
A) Increase in water level and flooding
B) Reduction in water inflow and ecological stress
C) Creation of hydroelectric power for Kenya
D) Salinization of lake due to upstream salt mining
Explanation:
Gibe III Dam regulates the Omo River → reduces seasonal inflow → threatens fisheries, biodiversity, and local livelihoods.
Gibe III Dam regulates the Omo River → reduces seasonal inflow → threatens fisheries, biodiversity, and local livelihoods.
MCQ 3. Rift Valley Fever is caused by:
A) Bacteria Riftvalleya virus
B) Virus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)
C) Protozoan parasite Riftvalleia
D) Fungi Phlebovirus riftvallei
Explanation:
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in the family Phenuiviridae, genus Phlebovirus.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in the family Phenuiviridae, genus Phlebovirus.
MCQ 4. The primary mode of transmission of Rift Valley Fever is:
A) Human-to-human contact
B) Water contamination
C) Mosquito bite and contact with infected animals
D) Airborne droplets
Explanation:
Mainly transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and direct contact with infected livestock. No human-to-human transmission.
Mainly transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and direct contact with infected livestock. No human-to-human transmission.
MCQ 5. Which of the following animals are most affected by Rift Valley Fever?
A) Dogs and cats
B) Livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels)
C) Wild carnivores
D) Birds
Explanation:
Sheep, goats, cattle, and camels are primary hosts, suffering abortions and high mortality, forming the main economic impact.
Sheep, goats, cattle, and camels are primary hosts, suffering abortions and high mortality, forming the main economic impact.
MCQ 6. Rift Valley Fever was first identified in which country?
A) South Africa
B) Kenya
C) Egypt
D) Sudan
Explanation:
First identified in Rift Valley, Kenya, in 1931, hence the name.
First identified in Rift Valley, Kenya, in 1931, hence the name.
MCQ 7. Which of the following measures are effective in controlling Rift Valley Fever outbreaks?
1. Vaccination of livestock
2. Mosquito control
3. Avoiding contact with infected animals
4. Use of antibiotics
A) 1, 2 and 3 only
B) 2 and 4 only
C) 1 and 4 only
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
• Vaccination, vector control, and avoiding direct contact are key measures.
• Antibiotics are ineffective, as RVF is viral.
• Vaccination, vector control, and avoiding direct contact are key measures.
• Antibiotics are ineffective, as RVF is viral.
MCQ 8. Under the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues (Amendment) Rules, 2025, which mandatory equipment requirement for corneal transplantation centres has been removed?
A) Clinical Specular Microscope
B) Operating Microscope
C) Endothelial Cell Counter
D) Slit Lamp
Explanation:
The 2025 amendment makes the use of a clinical specular microscope optional for corneal transplantation centres, easing infrastructure and cost requirements, particularly for smaller or rural eye centres.
The 2025 amendment makes the use of a clinical specular microscope optional for corneal transplantation centres, easing infrastructure and cost requirements, particularly for smaller or rural eye centres.
MCQ 9. What is the primary intent of the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues (Amendment) Rules, 2025, as notified by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare?
A) To legalize paid organ donation
B) To simplify corneal transplantation regulations
C) To allow live unrelated organ donation without authorization
D) To remove registration of retrieval centres
Explanation:
The amendment aims to streamline the “functioning of corneal transplantation centres” by removing certain mandatory infrastructure requirements, thereby improving accessibility.
The amendment aims to streamline the “functioning of corneal transplantation centres” by removing certain mandatory infrastructure requirements, thereby improving accessibility.
MCQ 10. Which national programme does the 2025 amendment strengthen, according to official sources?
A) National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)
B) National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP)
C) National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP)
D) National Digital Health Mission (NDHM)
Explanation:
According to the amendment notification, the changes contribute to “further strengthening the National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP)” in India.
According to the amendment notification, the changes contribute to “further strengthening the National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP)” in India.